Python Programming

Illustration of Python's range() creating integer sequences from start to stop (exclusive) with optional step, commonly used for loops, indexing, and sequence generation. for loops

Illustration shows Python code writing data to a file: opening a file with open(), writing strings/bytes, using write() or writelines(), and closing or using with context manager..

Illustration of reading a text file in Python: use with open('file.txt','r') to read contents, read(), readline(), or iterate lines to process text safely and efficiently. Securely

Illustration of a lambda function: a small anonymous function used inline to compute a value or transform data, showing parameters, a lambda symbol, and input/output flow. Diagram.

Illustration of Python exception handling: try block with code, except catching specific and generic exceptions, finally block cleanup, and logs showing visual error handling flow.

Tuples are immutable collections (parentheses), fixed-size and hashable for keys; lists are mutable sequences (brackets), variable-length for ordered, changeable elements. Use cases.

Diagram showing ways to iterate over a dictionary: for key in dict, for value in dict.values(), for key,value in dict.items(), enumerate(), dict comprehension and arrow code snippets.

Diagram of a Python dictionary: curly braces containing key:value pairs (e.g. 'name':'Alice', 'age':30), arrows linking keys to values showing mapping, mutability and fast lookup.

Digital checklist interface with a cursor removing items: checked entry dragged toward a trash icon while remaining list items reflow upward, indicating deletion and updated order.

Illustration showing a programmer appending items to a list: a list box receiving new elements via an arrow, with sample code 'my_list.append(item)' and step numbers for beginners

Illustration of a Python list: ordered, mutable sequence in brackets with comma-separated items, zero-based indexes, supports mixed types, slicing, append, insert and remove items.

Illustration showing command-line steps to create a Python virtual environment: terminal with 'python -m venv env', folder tree, activation command and isolated packages. Overview.